Rhetorical Analysis The 2015 York Riots Time Magazine...

In more cases than one a photo can speak louder than words. This why photos are constantly used in magazine articles, bulletin boards and posters. I picture is more likely to catch a person s attention rather than a piece of writing. A person is also more likely to remember a photo they have seen rather than a piece in writing. These photos are also commonly used when it comes to rhetoric and a person can I rhetorically analyze why the specific photo was used and how it was used. In this sense a person can identify why the picture is appealing to the audience and who the audience is. According to Owl Purdue.com,†A visual document communicates primarily through images or the interaction of image and text. Just as writers choose their words of such visual documents think no differently,† (Page 1). An example of these rhetorical analysis photos is the 2015 Baltimore Riots Time magazine cover. This photo was taken by a 26 year old photographer named Devin Allen from west Balt imore. He had been photographing models and had tried his hand at street photography, he drew his inspiration from photographers such as Gordon Parks and artists like Andy Warhol. Once protest took over his city in the aftermath of Freddie Gray’s death, the young photographer took to Instagram and found himself propelled on the global stage. His photographs of the demonstrations grabbed the headlines they were featured on the BBC and CNN, and shared by thousands of twitter and Instagram users. The picture

Analysis Paper Hills Like White Elephants - 815 Words

Victor Aguirre ENGL 1102 (T/R 9:30a.m.) February 1, 2013 Short Story Analysis Paper Topic: Hills like White Elephants Meaningful Hills Hills are seen as just abstract objects in a distance, some may be seen as beautiful and they are hard to get around when you don’t have the best way to overcome them. In the short story an American man and a girl named Jig are sitting in a rail station waiting for the train to Madrid. While they are waiting, they have an intense, ongoing discussion over whether or not Jig will get an abortion. The hills are viewed as a symbol of how big obstacles can set minor setback in life, but you have to find a way around to move on. In the story, Jig looked at the hills and said, They look like white†¦show more content†¦The American tries to make his words sound mellow and convincing but Jig sees past them and realizes that the right choice is within her. Regardless of what the American wants, she is the only one who has to endure the real pain of the situation, nevertheless her surroundings let her visualize how they could help her with her decision. Therefor e the hills help her realize how many things in life are just obstacles but can be easily overcome with by finding a resolution that will benefit everyone. Works Citied Page Hemingway, Ernest. Hills Like White Elephants. Rpt. In Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 2nd ed. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw Hill, 2008. 400-403.Show MoreRelatedHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1446 Words   |  6 PagesErnest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† explores the topics of abortion, sex before marriage, and feelings of separation. There are many different points of view one can take on Hemingway’s work. The main literary analysis that will be explained is the significance of the title and how it is layered into the story in various places. In addition to this, the narrator’s point of view will also be discussed since it plays a role in bringing the characters together. Lastly, it willRead More Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Hills Like White Elephants, is a short story,. It is a story about a man and a woman waiting at a train station talking about an issue that they never name. I believe this issue is abortion. In this paper I will prove that the girl in the story, whos name is Jig, finally decides to go ahead and have the baby even though the man, who does not have a name, wants her to have an abortion. It is the end of the story that makes me thinkRead MoreHills Like White Elephants1715 Words   |  7 PagesHills Like White Elephants shows a seemingly simple discussion between Jig and an American man about the possibility of an operation. Yet, when the story is dissected it becomes apparent that they are discussing the possibility of an abortion. Nothing in the short story is mentioned or said without signaling a greater or different meaning. Hemingway used the surroundings of the train station to impact the story and designed the characters to properly show two varying personalities. Even though t hisRead MoreHemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants Essay1908 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"My aim is to put down on paper what I see and what I feel in the best and simplest way† (E. Hemingway, Brainy Quote). It is evident that this is why Ernest Hemingway writes the literary pieces he writes. Hemingway proves this by writing his short story, Hills Like White Elephants. Hemingway also quoted, â€Å"I never had to choose a subject - my subject rather chose me† (E. Hemingway, QuotesPedia). This also relates to Hemingway composing Hills Like White Elephants along with many of his other worksRead MoreLearning And Using Knowledge Of The Writing Essay826 Words   |  4 Pageswe focused on the audience of the paper. The paper was intended to tell a story, but it was also meant to entertain the reader. With this in mind, I focused on adding details to my essay that would draw in the reader and create an emotional response. The second essay written was an argumentative essay. Its purpose was to present an argument and persuade the reader the thesis the writer created was correct. Rhetorical knowledge was essential in writing this paper because the essay had to have a clearRead More Reader-oriented Theories and Their Application to Ernest Hemingway’s Hills like white elephants2425 Words   |  10 PagesReader-oriented Theories and Their Application to Ernest Hemingway’s Hills like white elephants From the very beginning of the literature people tended to criticize the literary works according to some certain criteria. Some critics claimed that the text itself is important and some other said the author and his style is the thing that should be focused on. Form and content were the other significant elements in the history of the literary criticism. In addition, the social and political influencesRead MoreThe Relationship Between Literature And The Natural Environment1166 Words   |  5 Pagescan be addressed in terms of environmental concerns† (Ecofeminism 1993: 13). BODY In this paper, an attempt is made to study the ecofeminist aspects of Hemingway’s stories. The stories considered exhibit feminist, ecological as well as ecofeminist features. Violence, physical, emotional or psychological, inflicted on women and nature, is discussed here, and ecofeminist insights are applied to the analysis of the stories. All these stories portray man-woman relationship against the backdrop of natureRead MoreEthics Is The Branch Of Study Dealing With Social Principles3917 Words   |  16 PagesAlougba Nicole Gnonse- Padonou A.N. Gnonse-P 1 Cliff Hill Moral Reasoning 12/12/2014 FINAL PAPER Ethics is the branch of study dealing with social principles. It’s a requirement of what is the proper line of action for human life. Although ethics is a central component of any happy, health, and mature life, many disagree about the value of living an ethical life. In order to solve crucial moral problems created by human existence, philosophers use ethical theories for their issues. A theoryRead MoreCurbing Unemployment Through Skills Acquisition: a Study of the National Directorate of Employment (Nde), Kaduna State7193 Words   |  29 PagesCurbing Unemployment through Skills Acquisition: A Study of the National Directorate of Employment (NDE), Kaduna State By AMUPITAN, Oboromeni Federal University, Lokoja Nigeria January, 2011. ABSTRACT The paper â€Å"Curbing Unemployment through Skills acquisition: A case of the National Directorate of Employment (NDE)†Kaduna State is about unemployment and how it can be reduced through skills acquisition. This work is aimed at finding out how the NDE has reduced unemployment through its skills acquisitionRead MoreThis Tournament Goes to Eleven4982 Words   |  20 PagesIslands (or) Islas Canarias (prompt on Tenerife before *) 3. A 2003 Timothy Pennings paper asked Do Dogs Know this. The Umbral type is the study of Shaffer sequences, while Mallivin is an infinite-dimensional one on the Wiener space and is also called the stochastic one of variations. Church and Kleene developed a formal logic known as the lambda one. In old literature it was known as infinitesimal analysis, due to the presence of quantities getting very small. For 10 points, Gottfried Wilhelm

A life of designs Free Essays

Like many children growing, I was in a quandary on the career path that I would take once I entered college. Looking back, many paths seemed to open for me, all as enticing as the others. But in hindsight, I guess I wanted to follow in the footsteps of one man, my father. We will write a custom essay sample on A life of designs or any similar topic only for you Order Now His vocation was that of a designer. Since I could remember, I could see myself with him in his office as he worked at his job as a software designer. It wasn’t easy for me, but my mom kept telling me how integral my father was to the company. My father taught me the value of enterprise and industriousness in the job that he was going to do. That was one trait I would ever give credit to my father for teaching me that one value. I believe that passion is not acquired; it is the result of endless hours at honing one’s craft and looking for ways to improve oneself. But my father was not all work; he taught me also to be versatile in life.   To my surprise, my father also had endeavors in a variety of activities. Among them were guitar playing, sketching images of still life and rendering designs for furniture. He taught me that one’s life needs to find a sense of balance, not that he didn’t enjoy his work, but I guess that his creativity needed to have release valves, if you will, so that he can work at his â€Å"day† job. Once I arrived in college, finally knowing my life’s vocation to be a designer, one could feel a sense of being awestruck with it all. The pressures of meeting deadlines, accomplishing all the projects and the homework, and then some, tend to take the wind out of one’s sails. Fortunately for me though, I met another influential figure whom would aid me in my quest to become a designer. His name was Professor Joseph Velasquez, or simply â€Å"Pepe†. Professor Velasquez, or Pepe, was very influential in the cultivation of my talents as a future designer. He patiently worked with me in all my subjects and projects, like a guiding, and sometimes stern, hand to bring out what was inside me, all that passion I had inside of me. In all of the three years I had stayed in college, I would say that not even my non major subject mentors had had such a profound effect on me as Professor Velasquez. In fact, many of the students always sought a meeting met with him after class and studio that I had to wait an average of two hours just to get to talk to him. I hope that one day I will be able to impart the knowledge he graciously and sacrificially gave us to future designers if I get the opportunity to teach at this learning facility. As with all students in college, we all dream of becoming like our icons someday, people who we admire and wish to imitate even in the slightest way. For me, that was my all-time favorite artists, Craig Mullins. Mullins would be for me the embodiment of what I strive for as an artist and as a designer. Mullins, in my opinion, has the capacity in inducing that emotion in his concept arts works and his paintings that make him a cut above the rest.   His medium in provoking that emotion is born out of his choice of colors and his composition of his work. Sometimes, when I encounter a â€Å"block† in my artistic flow, I would consider what Mullins would do for the piece. How to cite A life of designs, Essays

Strategies Winning And Retaining Customers -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strategies Winning And Retaining Customers? Answer: Introducation MAC brand was founded by Frank Toskan and Frank Angelo in 1984. It as a cosmetic brand which was founded in Toronto and headquartered in New York City. It is an abbreviation of Make UP Art Cosmetics. The need for makeup aroused when the people thought there should be availability of different colors for the many photo shoots. So, the first inspiration of makeup came from the need of shades of many colors (Benoit, 2014). In 1994, MAC AIDS FUND was founded which aimed at supporting the AIDS victims. For it, they also launched many diva collections like lipstick and nail polish. Later in 1995, Estee lauder acquired the whole company and John Densey became the chairman of the company in 1998. Similarly, the first store of Mac was opened in New York. The company offers huge shades of products to its customers. The company at first used to sell products to only makeup professionals but slowly and gradually it was liked by models and then from models to their relatives and sisters and frien ds and many more. The demand for it kept on increasing day by day and today is had placed itself as a global brand preferred by every female. Today Mac cosmetics is sold in more than 15 countries with 38500 employees across the globe (Farnetani, 2015). Mission The mission statement followed by the brand is All races, all sexes and all ages. It aims to be the worlds leading makeup brand for the consumers and professionals by providing the best quality of products. Consumers should feel good, look good after using the brand and made a concept that pains have gains in the minds of consumers. It aimed at launching the products for males, females, and children. It also introduced Kid's helping Kids where kids used to paint many greeting cards and donate them to pediatric organizations (Basnet, 2015). Vision This brand was founded with a vision to huge gap between makeup artistry and fashion photo-shoots. The beauty professionals who used to depend on heavy makeups, Mac used to provide them wide range of products which used to enhance visual effects during shoots (Neil, 2014). Slogans All Races, all sexes, all ages is one of the most common slogan used by Mac. What makes up Mac? Mac is considered to be one of the most leading make up brand. It aims at focusing on diversity and individuality. Mac is one of the proud community where many artists work together to complete the companys mission statement (Rivera, 2016). Products offered It includes huge range of products for all men, women and children.it offers make which include eye shadow, mascara, liner, foundation, lip gloss, lipstick, powder, primer, lip liner, bronzer, highlighters, and many more. It also provide skincare products like moisturizers and removers. It also offers makeup brushes for eyes, lips and faces and tools like applicators and containers. Moreover, it also include fragrances for men and women in it (Hoang, 2015). Role of Mac brand in cosmetic industry Since, mac is a brand in itself. It makes their product unique and expressive. It catches the eye and make the consumers spend their money on the cosmetic products. Mac really worked hard to build that is not like anything which already exist in the market. It aimed at creating a uniqueness and something different (Brook, 2014). Company: SWOT analysis of Mac. Strength: it is highly reputed brand and which created a responsible image and goodwill. It is available in 200 locations with 2500 employees in 15countries across the globe. Weakness: it has limited number of products if compared to other brands and it has many controversies related to its products and services. Opportunities: It provides all the required information about its product on its website only and it also sell its products through retailer website as well. Threat: there is huge number of brand that provides the cosmetic products. So, it automatically creates huge number of competitors too. The major competitors are LOreal, Revlon, Lakme, and Maybelline (MBA, 2012). Customers: the company serves all ages of consumers with every genders. It offers variety of products to the men, women and children as well. Customers who buy this brand has some different personality traits like it reflects luxury and lush. So high segmented income range are preferred by this brand (Weinstein, 2012). Collaborators: Mac provides a digital platform to its consumers where they are provided plenty of information required before buying a product. It makes the customers buy the products according to their need and budget and get their products delivered at home Moreover, mac also has their stores opened in malls and supermarket where customers can walk in and buy the products as well. It has distributors and retailers across the globe to serve their products worldwide. Competitors: The major competitors of mac are Lakme, Revlon, LOreal and Maybelline which also provides huge variety of cosmetic products and creates a threat in the industry. Context: There are also many legal and political factors involved in the brand. There was legal controversies when the brand was launched and many other factors were creating a challenges to establish the brand in the cosmetic industry. Market research and market intelligence Consumers who use cosmetics are obsessed with the products and brands. They just want to feel good and look good. Customer want product which provides quality feels. Today customers are more focused to quality rather than price. They want the best quality products despite of high prices (Williams, 2010). Which competitors pose a threat? The main competitors of brand are LOreal and Clinique. They produce variety of products same as Mac. They also aim at maintaining the healthy relationship with all tits customers and serve them happily. How the context of business is changing, if at all? Mac focuses on quality products. It differentiate its products from its major competitors. It offers varieties in color and texture and quality products for the final look. It provides 18-30 category of products to target its primary market and maintain a good will in the cosmetic industry. A person with uniqueness, confidence, and fashion lovers usually prefer such brand. Such people do not compromise with the new trends (Tasmia, 2014). What role collaborators play in the process? Mac provides digital platform to its customer where they are free to surf the required products and buy them after getting all the information required. Distributors and retailers are the major collaborators of the brand. They play a major role in the success story of this brand. They ensure that the brand or the product selected by the customers are successfully delivered to them or not and moreover they also makes sure that the customers are happy and satisfied or not with the product they have applied on. Today, the customers of the mac are happiest and most satisfied. Marketing Strategy Segment: when a market is divided according to identical groups is known as market segmentation. Mac also uses market segmentation to reach its objectives and serve their products to all races and all genders and all ages as well. Mac segments its market under four categories i.e. demographic segmentation, geographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation and benefit segmentation. Under demographic segmentation, it targets customers from all the locations based on market size, density and climate. Mac mainly target Africans because they have skin pigmentation problem (Reijntjes, 2012). Likewise, under demographic segmentation, they target customers with high income and family background who can afford high range of products. Mac also target its customers by providing packaging according the life style and personality traits of the people like in India it focus on enhancing facial features and removing pigmentation that comes under psychology segmentation. Some customers prefer mac because of the benefits they gain from using such brand (Pou, 2014). Thus, it focus on segmenting young women. Target: the main target customers of mac are young women who are more obsessed with the good look. Mac also aims at targeting professional makeup artists who are highly involved in beauty industry. They also target models and actors who must look good during shoots. It targets its customers by providing best quality products that lasts up to hours (Lush, 2013) Position: from the very first, mac has positioned itself clearly in the market. It has ranked itself by providing products with lush and extensive ranges of colors as well. Moreover, it is focusing on producing professional quality products. It has also positioned itself by highlighting key benefits along with the products. That makes the customers aware about the products and get the detailed information about the product (Arusha, 2015). Product differentiation strategy: It includes enhancers, drivers and quality aesthetics. Enhancers: It offers products that blends with the customer needs and also provides huge range which can best match with the customers skin. Drivers: It aims at providing huge number of products with high durability and long lasting features that driven the customers more. Quality aesthetics: Mac provides packaging of its products with distinct quality and limited edition with the brand name mentioned on it. Pricing strategy: Value-in-use premium pricing strategy: It aims at ensuing the benefits to the customer is more than the cost incurred by the customer i.e. consumer benefit must be cost (Kim 2016). Company life cycle: It uses skimming pricing strategy where the prices are kept high at first and then lowered later. Mac also offers multi segmented pricing. Comparable prices to competitors: It differentiate its products by providing uniqueness and aims at focusing on customer loyalty. Product line pricing: It also aims at providing complementary products to its customers. Promotional strategy: Words of Mouth: It builds it image by creating a goodwill in the market by making a strong relationship with celebs and makeup artists who speaks good words about the brand. They also helps to provide a positive feedback to others. Motivating action communication: It also aims at back to MAC slogans where it rewards to it stop customers and they are highly motivated by the brand. It also enables to maintain customer relationship management by providing a strong bond between the service provider and consumers. Social media: it promote itself using plenty of social media like FB, twitter and it also promote its brand by participating in many fashion shows along with the models and celebrities (Shen, 2013). Placing strategy: It has spread a wide network across the globe. It has several locations located domestically and well as internationally. It has a huge network of employees and many happy customers all over the world. It is available at malls, super markets and airports. Recommendations Since the brand itself reflects luxury, it offers products with high price which are not affordable for the people with the low income. So, it should also focus on providing the rage with low price which can easily be affordable with the people are love mac makeups but cannot afford it. It offers products line like brushes, foundations, lipstick and fragrances which limit its product line. So, it should also aim at increasing the product line by including soap, shampoo, cream and lotions too. It should focus on its distribution channel because sometime their products are not easily available to its customers. Conclusions From all the above mentioned points and analysis, it can be concluded that the brand MAC itself reflects luxury and confidence. It offers plenty varieties of products to its customers based on all the races, genders and ages. It provides cosmetic ranges for young women, men and children too. Despite of its major competitors in the market, it has maintained its good image in the cosmetic industry. Today. Every individual wishes to look beautiful and gorgeous and taking this on highest priority, mac has successfully placed itself in the market. It aims at providing such quality in the product that automatically fits and blend with the needs of the customers and satisfies them as well. Thus, Mac has proven itself to be one of the best brand in the cosmetic industry. Moreover, mac also supports AIDS patients and they also organize many programs in which children participate and make greeting cards and then donate them to patients and makes them happy. Mac is the only brand which has dive rsified its reach and made the maximum of its customers satisfied and happy. Nevertheless, it also aims at enabling its reach to its customers by providing an online platform i.e. digital platform. All the information required before buying a product is clearly mentioned and is transparent enough to make a purchase decision. It targets Africans more and more because their skin is pigmented and they need more quality products to look beautiful. Mac thus also works for reducing pigmentation, so it helps its customers to satisfy their skin problem by applying mac cosmetics. Today among the majority of the young women prefers mac brand and are happy using it. References Arusha. R, 2015, brand positioning of mac cosmetics, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://rabiba-rc.blogspot.in/2015/02/brand-positioning-of-mac-cosmetics.html Basnet. B, 2015, history and mission statement, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://bivonmac.blogspot.in/2010/09/week-1-history-and-mission-statement.html Benoit, A., 2014. An advertising world gone completely haywire": MAC VIVA GLAM. Advertising Society Review, 15(1). Brook. Z, 2014, Mac makeup marketing, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://www.slideshare.net/zoeparisbrook/mac-makeup-marketingbrand-assessment Farnetani. A, 2015, Are you curious to know the history of MAC Cosmetics one of the most famous cosmetic brand, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/you-curious-know-history-mac-cosmetics-one-most-famous-farnetani Hoang. L, 2015, Mac cosmetics, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://prezi.com/pfrp-fs87uun/mac-cosmetics-marketing-mix/ Jahan. N, 2014, Branding Strategies of MAC cosmetics, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://nusratjahan-1332.blogspot.in/2014/11/branding-strategies-of-mac-cosmetics.html Kim, S.J., Lee, J.Y. and Lee, K.H., 2016. Global Pricing Strategy of the SPA Brand: Comparison with GDP and Big Mac Index. Fashion Textile Research Journal, 18(3), pp.301-316. Lush. L, 2013, Mac cosmetics, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://prezi.com/jmwgn03nwvp3/mac-cosmetics/ MBA, 2012, SWOT analysis, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://www.mbaskool.com/brandguide/lifestyle-and-retail/12949-mac-cosmetics.html Nagle, T.T., Hogan, J. and Zale, J., 2016. The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: New International Edition. Routledge. Neil. M, 2014, Mac cosmetics, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://www.slideshare.net/mdmhneil/mac-cosmetics-34098742 Pou. N, 2013, segmenting and targeting plans, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://nataliawordsbeyondbeauty.blogspot.in/2013/12/chapter-8.html Reijntjes, D. and Wagijo, R., 2012. Market Potential AnalysisA study of the Cosmetics Industry in the ABC Islands. Rivera. J, 2016, Mac cosmetics, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://prezi.com/ynpufz2gjspl/mac-cosmetics/ Shen, B. and Bissell, K., 2013. Social media, social me: A content analysis of beauty companies use of facebook in marketing and branding. Journal of Promotion Management, 19(5), pp.629-651. Tasmia. R, 2014, Competitive advantage of Mac cosmetics, viewed on 24th January, 2018. Available on: https://rjtasmia.blogspot.in/ Weinstein, A., 2012. Superior Customer Value: Strategies for winning and retaining customers. CRC Press. Williams, C.L. and Connell, C., 2010. Looking good and sounding right aesthetic labor and social inequality in the retail industry. Work and Occupations, 37(3), pp.349-377.

Epiphanies in James Joyces Dubliners Essay Example

Epiphanies in James Joyces Dubliners Paper Epiphanies in Edibleness Edibleness presents various different stories with unique characters that often share similar experiences or transformations. An epiphany or sudden realization is a common occurrence in these stories. In After the Race , An Encounter and Beeline each main character experiences an epiphany. An Encounter is about a boy who decides to skip school with his friends one day. The boys friends played Cowboys and Indians often and this caused a hunger for adventure in the boys mind. The boy became convinced that exciting things only happen to those who go exploring about so he decided to ditch school one day and go into town. There the boy meets an old man and he is embarrassed of his friend and doesnt want to seem foolish. He appears well educated and like a sharp boy to the reader. The reader almost experiences an epiphany along with the boy because up until now the reader wasnt fully aware of the boys intelligence. The boy realized he didnt even like Mahoney, the friend he was running off with. The Juvenile spirit of him actually annoyed the boy. We will write a custom essay sample on Epiphanies in James Joyces Dubliners specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Epiphanies in James Joyces Dubliners specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Epiphanies in James Joyces Dubliners specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He didnt need to act cool or play hooky or read comics. He enjoyed earning, acting mature, and being a respectable boy and it took talking to this old man for him to realize that. Beeline relates the story of a woman who is planning to run off with her fiance ©. The story reads as if she has a tough home life especially since her mother died. For the first part of the story she ponders her decision wondering if she is making the right choice. She constantly is putting the promise she made to her mother in consideration. Her mother is her only reason of thinking of staying. She knows that staying involves a lot more work less respect a lot of duty ND taking care of her abusive father. The two people she cared about most in her family are already gone. In a weird sense having her mother gone is what is holding her back. She told her mom that she would make sure her father is being taken care of. She also has a bit of nostalgia for this kind of living. She admired her mother and thinks that if it was good enough for her mother than she should live the same way. Overall she decides the life is too tough and that she should elope with her lover. The reader is lead to believe she has every intention of doing so. She gets on the docks dead to run away but at the very last minute she refuses to go in a sudden realization. This comes to as a shock to the reader and it can only be assumed that she realized she had to fulfill her promise. The epiphany in Beeline was a different because she was stuck on a decision and couldnt make up her mind. So she was searching for this realization whereas the boy in An Encounter wasnt expecting to discover that he wasnt who he was pretending to be. Although she was hoping for the decision to be made the reader can note that it probably wasnt what she was expecting and it didnt come when she expected it to. In After the Race the main character Jimmy is trying to fit in with the elite and rich crowd. He does this by spending money as if he has more than he actually does, gambling, and attending the race. Jimmy goes to a hotel with his friends and then proceeds to go to a yacht. The story frequently refers to Jimmys father and how he worked so hard to get Jimmy and himself to fit into this crowd. Jimmy plays cards on the yacht and falls deep into EOT out doesnt stop. A muleteer AT alcohol Ana Ignorance over rule Nils reasoning. He is aware that he cant afford to be partying like he is but decides that he will worry bout that problem tomorrow. At the end of the story it is announced that its daybreak. Joyce constructed the end of the story in such a way that the reader experiences the epiphany with Jimmy. One might experience frustration as Jimmy gambles away money he doesnt have, but might understand the fools yearn to have fun and put off his worries until tomorrow. At the end of the story when tonights fun has made an abrupt and quick transition into the next mornings troubles Jimmy and the reader realize the drunken mistake. Jimmy is in a very similar situation that the boy in An Encounter was in. The boy wanted to be a troublemaker and have no regard for learning. They both experience a societal calling. Its not socially acceptable interested in ones education or to stay at home with a book rather than drinking and gambling. Both of these characters try to reach this social status until at the end come upon a sudden realization that renders that achievement either impossible or undesirable. Beeline and Jimmy are in almost entirely opposite situations. Beeline is attempting to do what is best for herself. She plans to elope with her loving fiance © leaving behind a troubled home life. At the end of the story, however, she is unable to go through with it making the decision that would least benefit herself. In After the Race Jimmy makes poor decision throughout the story but the reader is led to believe that his epiphany will lead him to lead a more reasonable life in the future. All three characters realize something about themselves. This is a little ironic because one would assume that when an epiphany is realized it might be of some great truth to life. It seems odd yet a little more realistic that these particular Edibleness have reached a point of true self-discovery in these epiphanies.

Deciphering the Genetic Code o essays

Deciphering the Genetic Code o essays Ill be the first to admit it, Im a skeptic of the worst kind; its just my nature, I guess. So, I guess it goes without saying that Im not impressed with all the recent hype about the Human Genome Project. People have gone so far as to hail the HGP as the cure for all of mankinds ails. Even with advance technology that allows scientists to map the genome sequence of a human being, we have failed to find a cure the common cold. And yet, scientists feel confident that the tools needed to treat genes involved in diseases will likely be developed within the next twenty years. My response Ill believe it when I see it. While I do not dispute of importance of this project and its ability to revolutionize biological research and medicine, I chose to look at a similar project that has had a significant impact on agriculture the completion of a plants genetic map. In 1996, a $70 million dollar project was started to map the genetic sequence of a plant. Drawing heavily on research done by the HGP, scientists on three continents worked in collaboration on the project, which was completed this past December. The complete genetic code of Arabidopsis thaliana was published in the December issue of the scientific journal, Nature. Researchers working the United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, and Japan selected Arabidopsis thaliana, a member of the mustard family and a cousin to the cauliflower plant, over approximately 250,000 other species because the weed, more commonly known as thale cress, contains all the chromosomes of a more complex plant but is biologically simple. Each plant has 25,000 genes located on 5 genes; these genes contain about 117 million chemical base pairs (corn, on the other hand, has about 3 billion base pairs). In addition to its relative biological simplicity, the plant grows quickly, producing as many as eight generations in a single year. ...

Scale in Space Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scale in Space - Essay Example While the earth has the biotic diversity with defining interactions, little evidence exists to show possible existence of life in the other planets. This induces uncertainty and prompts need for research amidst theories that people have help about the universe. Efforts by astronomers, into developed knowledge about each planet of the solar system has however developed awareness of each planet’s potential and helped to dispel wrong perspectives that people had developed, and held on, about the planets (Trimble 19). Information exist that demonstrate order in the universe, an arrangement whose existence is known but whose origin and history remains a mystery that only scientific research can unlock. The course has however, and through different approaches, been helpful in developing knowledge on the solar system. Its content that covers much information about the solar system has been informative, and independent research on emerging issues and concerns on existing theories on the solar system has improved my understanding of the system. One of the lessons that I have learnt about the universe is its long-term existence, dating back to more than 38 million years ago. I have also developed insights into forces around the universe that hat has sustained it (Trimble 37). In addition, I have developed great insights from the course with the need to preserve the universe as an important responsibility that human beings have. In understanding the role of the earth in the universe, the course has info rmed me of the need for human beings to be effectively involved in ensuring sustainability of the universe. Even though natural mechanisms exist, initiated and facilitated by different elements of the solar system, which ensures sustainability of the solar system, humans must play an active role in the sustainability through controlling

China Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China - Assignment Example While taking into account, the â€Å"long-cycle theory†, which stipulates that, a hegemon after being in power for some time is likely to be challenged by an upcoming superpower, thus, China seems to be the perfect challenger. Even though, China intends to become a superpower, it will be difficult for it to achieve this goal since; the world in the past century has embraced the culture of avoiding an all-out war. Moreover, the United States cannot let its place as the number one in the world to be taken since it is aware of the bloodshed, which can be witnessed in the event that such takeover occurs through a great-power war. Yes, when China becomes a superpower, there are many indications that it will threaten the US. These threats will be; political, social, and economic. Firstly, the political threats that China will foster will be the enforcing of authoritarian governments, instead of promoting democracy. China has the reputation of governing its citizens through authoritarian rule. Superpowers maintain their number one position by influencing other nations and governments; therefore, for China to cement its leadership, it will influence various governments to become authoritarian, and this in the process will kill freedom and democracy. Secondly, as a super-power, China would threaten the US through spreading its ideology of communism while denouncing the ideology of capitalism. Thirdly, in recent years, China’s economic influence, particularly with African and Asian countries has been on a steady rise. While considering the above, when China becomes a superpower, it is beyond imagination on how its economic influence will continue to grow. The overwhelming economic growth of China will be a great threat to the US economy. The US strategy towards China should start with the US ensuring that it maintains its position as the world’s superpower. The US ought to show that it is powerful enough, and it is not

Geography in the middle east Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Geography in the middle east - Essay Example upport that Christian Zionists and Jews received from such powers as the United States shows the general aim of their empowerment and motivation towards the liberation. The United States, for example, recognized rights of Soviet Jews to their traditional beliefs and elevated Zionists and Jews to political posts (Class Notes, n.d., Slide 97). Statements that key leaders made, in relation to the events also identifies the need for liberation as reason for the unity and violence as the approach to the liberty. While Soviet restrained Jews movements, Sharansky acknowledged that the Jews Movement was significant to the fall of the Soviet (Class Notes, Slide 100). The key indicator of the role of violence in the liberation is the role of the United States in empowering Al Qaeda for violent attacks on the Soviet and Brzezinski and Clinton admits to America’s role in creation of Al Qaeda (Class Notes, Slide 98, 99). Shultz, however, established the plight of the Soviet Jews to America ’s government to facilitate the nation’s influence on the fight (Class Notes, Slide

Examining The Varied Heritage Of Indian Culture Cultural Studies Essay

Examining The Varied Heritage Of Indian Culture Cultural Studies Essay One thing in which India faces no competition is its varied culture and heritage. The culture of India has been shaped by the long history of India, its unique geography and the absorption of customs, traditions and ideas from some of its neighbors as well as by preserving its ancient heritages, which were formed during the Indus Valley Civilization and evolved further during the Vedic age, rise and decline of Buddhism, Golden age, Muslim conquests and European colonization. Indias great diversity of cultural practices, languages, customs, and traditions are examples of this unique co-mingling over the past five millennia. At all levels India has added great number of languages in to the diverse cultures and traditions. There were 1000 (if you count regional dialects and regional words) languages are spoken by Indians Altogether, but unfortunately now there are 415 living languages in India. The Constitution of India has stipulated the national language Hindi and English to be the two official languages of communication for the Union Government. India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Religion still plays a central and definitive role in the life of most of its people. India is the birth place of Dharmic religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the worlds third- and fourth-largest religions respectively, with around 1.4 billion followers India, being a multi-cultural and multi-religious society, celebrates holidays and festivals of various religions. The three national holidays in India, the Independence Day, the Republic Day and the Gandhi Jayanti, are celebrated with zeal and enthusiasm across India. In addition, many states and regions have local festivals depending on prevalent religious and linguistic demographics. Popular religious festivals include the Hindu festivals of Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Durga puja, Holi, Rakshabandhan and Dussehra. Several harvest festivals, such as Sankranthi, Pongal and Onam, are also fairly popular. Certain festivals in India are celebrated by multiple religions. Notable examples include Diwali which celebrated by Hindus, Sikhs and Jains and Buddh Purnima which is celebrated by Buddhists and Hindus. Islamic festivals, such Eid ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Ramadan, are celebrated by Muslims across India. Well different religions have unlike practices, rituals and all but in these entire dissimilarities one thing common is the way they greet each. Namaskar or Namaskaram is a common spoken greeting or salutation in the India. Namaskar is considered a slightly more formal version than namastà © but both express deep respect. It is commonly used in India and Nepal by Hindus, Jains and Buddhists, sikhs and many continue to use this outside the Indian subcontinent. In Indian and Nepali culture, the word is spoken at the beginning of written or verbal communication. However, the same hands folded gesture is made wordlessly upon departure. In yoga, namastà © is said to mean The light in me honors the light in you, taken literally, it means I bow to you Food is an important part of Indian culture, playing a role in everyday life as well as in festivals. In many families, everyday meals are sit-down affairs consisting of two to three main course dishes, varied accompaniments such as chutneys and pickles, carbohydrate staples such as rice and roti (bread), as well as desserts. Food is not just important for an Indian family by ways of eating, but it is also taken as a sort of socializing, getting together with a family of many. Indian cuisine varies from region to region, Generally, Indian cuisine can be split into four categories: North, South, East, and West Indian. Despite this diversity, some unifying threads emerge. Varied uses of spices are an integral part of food preparation, and are used to enhance the flavor of a dish and create unique flavors and aromas. Cuisine across India has also been influenced by various cultural groups that entered India throughout history, such as the Persians, Mughals, and European powers. Different religions, languages, festivals, cuisine and now different clothing. Traditional Indian clothing for women is the saris and also Ghaghra Cholis (Lehengas). For men, traditional clothes are the Dhoti, pancha veshti or Kurta. Bombay, also known as Mumbai, is one of Indias fashion capitals. In some village parts of India, traditional clothing mostly will be wornBindi is part of the womens make-up. Traditionally, the red bindi (or sindhur) was worn only by the married Hindu women, but now it has become a part of womens fashion As far as Indian art is concerned, music and dance from an integral part of Indian arts. The music of India includes multiples varieties of religious, folk, popular, pop, and classical musicIndian dance and music considered to be just another form of entertainment, traces  its origins back several thousands of years. Music is the language of emotion and is an important part of the Indian culture. Music and dance are  languages   by themselves, capable of expressing subtle thoughts and refined ideas. Few of the Indian dance forms are Baratnatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, odissi, Mohiniattam and many more.While naturally evolving with the dynamic forces of history and creative influence of great masters, these traditions have maintained the integrity of their fundamental  heritage.  

The Theory Of Property :: essays research papers

The Theory of Property While Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary defines property as "something regarded as being possessed by, or at the disposal of, a person or group of persons species or class," (p. 1078) this definition hardly holds the connotations so emphatically discussed by the anthropologist Morgan. To Morgan, "property has been so immense...so diversified its uses so expanding...that it has become...an unmanageable power." (p.561) Why has it become such an unmanageable power? Morgan answers this question with the simple answer that it is due to the linear evolution of the social institution of property from being collectively owned to being individually owned which has planted the seed of its own destruction in modern society. Morgan, in an attempt to study the role property has played in shaping social structures throughout history, has concluded that the influences property has had on reshaping societies and vice versa can teach the historian many things about both the society being studied and the environment in which it strove to survive. To Morgan, the "germ" of the institution of property slowly infected many different societies in many different parts of the world. His teleological approach states that due to the "unity of mankind" various technological innovations, which gave rise to the ever-growing availability of property, allowed social change to occur in many areas of the globe independently. Every area, went through its own version of evolution in which the importance of wealth grew at varying rates. This discovery leads Morgan to believe that while the past was unified in its variation, it is the future which must presently be addressed. For Morgan, in studying the past one can learn much about the future. Not only does Morgan analyze the social emergence of various types of property, but he is also extremely interested in the human tendencies evident in various societies which surfaced as a result of the ever-growing list of ownable objects. As time progressed from the Status of Savagery through Barbarism and into Civilization new wants and needs arose mostly due to new inventions. It is on this relationship between property, technology, and the human desire for more of each which Morgan centers his work, and it is from this study which he hopes future generations will learn how to improve their institutions until they can be improved no more. Morgan structures his essay around three basic "ethnical periods of human progress" (p. 535) and the basic assumption that the more modes of production and subsistence there are the greater the proliferation of individual objects of ownership. As technology advances and discoveries are made, the amount of ownable objects grow as does the need to own.

Barth vs. Brunner and Natural Theology

The concept of natural theology pertains to the belief that natural gifts are provided from conception and installed mainly on human mind. Furthermore, it states that the revelations are provided on the general prospect of humans, and not merely on special individuals. In this theory, revelations are said to be revealed not only from the Scriptural basis or even from Jesus Christ .As for the theory’s concern, the scholastic tradition of natural theology had provided their simple explanation why the Scripture and Jesus Christ received some sort of special revelation . According to natural theologians, the rationale for the provision of such special revelation is nothing more than an unexplainable event or beyond human reason . As far as the history of theology is concerned, one of the most highlighted debates comes from Karl Barth and Emil Brunner, dating from 1914 .From the concepts and theological principles introduced by Barth and Brunner comes the great and prolonged theolo gical debate, forthcoming from the quarters of â€Å"dialectical theology†, particularly from Barth’s radical rejection of the notions of General Revelation and Natural Religion or Natural Theology, including the â€Å"point of contact† and the rest. By far, this argument has been known as the Barth-Brunner conflict . Due to the strong influence and very much detailed argument brought by Barth, the conflict between the two theologians has greatly affected the stand point of today’s theology.This controversy has dominated the theological discussion of to-day, and has affected literally every problem . In this study, the primary discussion revolves in covering the issues brought by the debates of Barth and Brunner, and the theological concepts embedded in their proposed principles. From the point of view of the study, the first thing to discuss is the concept of natural theology in order to determine the rationale for its rejection. Next, the study centers on the conflicting theologian, Karl Barth and Emil Brunner.Lastly, the study provides the analysis of their argument to explore the primary stand points from both theological perspectives. Discussion The Concept of Natural Theology In general, the Reformers were less enthusiastic about natural theology, in part because they rejected much of the scholastic tradition, in part because it tended to render special revelation, and particularly Scripture, less necessary, and in part because it granted fallen human beings powers of correct reasoning that the Reformers themselves saw as corrupted by sin .According to the traditional scholastic movement, the concept of natural theology only provides its significance by illustrating human sin and their never-ending need to survive – more like an instinctive theological description – however, with little standing ground in justifying how these humanistic needs pursue . It is not the place here to enter into the historical, psychol ogical and theological reasons for the development of this great controversy. The historical reason is the adamant opposition that had to be shown to Nazi ideology and the wrong and dangerous theology of the German Christians.Barth rendered here an immeasurable service to sound theology and the cause of the Church as a whole . A form of natural theology that is worth defending takes its cue from core theological interpretations of the nature of God and the world. The concept of natural theology comprises of three theoretical perspectives that are derived mainly on nature that correlates with the divinity of God. The word ‘natural’ in the expression ‘natural theology’ is meant to mark a contrast between nature and revelation.The concept of Natural theology does not imply natural in the perspective of being a non-complex and unsophisticated belief, but rather, the natural theology is the product of a fairly sophisticated state of western theism and would have been foreign to many great religious thinkers before the Middle Ages. The concept of natural theology was realized during the era wherein theologians tried to logically obtain the answers to divine existence while at the stage of reflecting their religion.At this point of Middle Age, theologians obtain the elements that have been established already beforehand, and those that can provide unaided rationale for those parts that they believed to be unnatural. Hence, they coined and develop the natural theology, which somehow contradicts the existence of natural activities through single-handed or chose ones. As for the theory, it mainly exemplifies that everyone is chosen in their own account of being an image created after God . The concept of natural theology allied with Nazism most especially during the time of Jews massive discrimination.Significantly, the natural theology, even from the early times, pointed its fingers to chosen individuals, such as the Jews, wherein the theology contradicts the fact that these people are chose. The possibility of natural theology has been denied by some theologians and by some philosophers. The theological arguments against natural theology are mostly concerned with the relationship between reason and faith: they urge the uselessness of reason as a means to salvation and of philosophical speculation as a step on the road to heaven .One of the essential criticism that served as ground basis for the concept of natural theology is the fact that these principles are essentially from the philosophical perspectives, which in the end obtained vast arguments and criticisms against natural theology itself. In particular, the theologians of Natural perspective drew heavily on natural philosophy to show how the hand of the Creator could be discerned in the Book of Nature as well as the Book of Scriptures.By contrast, those still wedded to a more traditional order in Church and State tended to be wary of natural theology and the forms of natural philosophy interlinked with it as obscurities from a theology based on Divine revelation . On the other hand, the significance of Natural theology is its ability to provide an analysis of the human situation and the question of God implied in it. One side of the traditional arguments for the existence of God usually does this, in so far as they elucidate the dependent, transitory, and relational nature of finite human existence.But, in developing the other side of these arguments, natural theology tried to derive theological affirmations from the analysis of man’s finitude . The natural theology concentrates mainly on the natural imagery of men as earthly beings being linked to God’s image. As for the theory, it mentions that every human being possesses the right to obtain revelation from God for everyone is from the same image, which is God. Somehow, these two rationales are deemed as the primary arguments that render the argument of the Natural theology.F irst, natural theology should not claim to operate with an account of pure, objective, ahistorical reason . For man’s reasoning cannot be considered absolutely pure from intention for man by his own nature is deprived from complete purity; hence, contradicts the statement of natural theology itself. Second, natural theology should not offer a philosophical metaphysics as a way of mediating between faith and the world . From these concepts, the argument against natural theology settles in. Different theologians, most significantly Karl Barth realizes the wrong ideations brought by the theology.From the perspective of Thomas Aquinas (1225—1274), he claimed that there are certain truths that are attainable by the powers of â€Å"reason properly applied, and others that are beyond the reach of reason, and are known only through revelation†. From Aquinas’ theology, the concept attaining revelation and reason conjoins to further discover the truth and absolute reasoning . The concept of nature in the doctrines of theology can be misleading and contradictory for its very meaning can be a profound statement of obscurity, which can also contribute to the eclipse of God’s imagery .As for the theory of Natural origination, it is a major concept where philosophy of religion interrelates theological aspects. Philosophies of religion scrutinizes what the sheer existence of the universe entails what it forces us to conclude, and likewise what its order entails. Protestantism is usually against the concept of natural theology for they claim that God, whose existence is demonstrated, is not the Christian God. For Protestants, God Himself should not concern in Himself in providing His existence for He in fact exist above all.Whether natural theology is to be dismissed and why is a major area of investigation in Christian theology. Roman Catholic somehow defended the concept of natural theology for they believe that there are essential differen ces between what we can know of God by means of natural theology and what we know of God by revelation. Currently, natural theology tends to act and to be used as a tool that metaphorically provides clergy and students some rigorous proof to demonstrate God’s existence .Emil Brunner In 1914, Brunner published a work entitled Nature and Grace wherein his main argument coincides mainly on the generational theology’s task of reverting back to the concept of natural theology . Brunner, being one of the main characters of natural theological concept, obtained his idea of natural theology from the concept of imago Del or in translation would mean, â€Å"Image of God†. Human nature is constituted in such a way that there is an analog with the being of God .Considering the sinful nature of human beings as installed already in their instinctive characteristic, Brunner stated that the ability of human beings to discern the presence of God is still there by the concept or reasoning that God remains in the natural environment. Within the context of human beings as sinners, still their innate nature are capable of recognizing the presence of God and are still aware of their guilt before God. All these linkage are brought by the concept of natural stand present in man from the time of his creation and image pattern.Hence, as Brunner concluded, this linkage brings forth revelation to every man with no special disposition present, such as sinner or holy, rich or poor, or any other means. Brunner significantly pointed out that God can manifest His revelation to anyone with no consideration on human characteristic since human beings are all created out of his natural image . As per Brunner’s defense on natural theology, greatly point out the significance of the doctrine of the incarnation to revelation: in Christ may be seen the personal self-disclosure of God .From Brunner’s ground basis, it is the story of creation that serves as the fore gr ound of this theological belief. He reasoned that there are considerably three rationales that offer support for the theory of Natural theology namely, human reason, and order of the world and beauty of the world . In the argument of Human Reason, considering that God’s existence can be found in His creation, and then it is acceptable to use the idea that God can be most likely found in the highest peak of His creation, which is human reason .The next argument Brunner introduced is the ordering of the world, wherein the prime philosopher concerned is Thomas Aquinas. Considering that the natural pattern in the environment is unquestionably and extremely organized, this phenomena been emphasized to be from God . Brunner did no go as far in denouncing the philosophical approach to God. Nevertheless, Brunner stated that the attempt to derive knowledge of God from creation, which is the theology of natural religion, is ultimately not being helpful in theological doctrine.He even a dmitted that the knowledge of the Creator forms as a component of our existence. However, Brunner concluded that this knowledge component placed to human beings as God’s creation does not follow that human beings know God completely, since such philosophical intelligence does not end in communion with God . Brunner’s theology has been linked very much within an existentialist, dialectical framework and focused mainly on the uniqueness of existential, personal understanding. He even continued with basically anthropological starting point.Lastly, the concept of beauty present in the world has also been emphasized as an argumentative statement in Brunner’s ideologies. According to these theologians, the presence of beauty in surrounding world is the primary depiction of God’s existence through the nature’s beauty . Another focus entailed by Brunner in his beliefs is in faith of having personal encounter between the one who hears the Word, believer, or human being per say, and the God who speaks and draws near in grace, as distinct from an acceptance of abstract propositions of belief.Christianity thus sets forth â€Å"truth as encounter†, Brunner’s primary effect and influence thus far had come through his writings of â€Å"The Mediator and The Divine Imperative† and in Brunner Oldham perceived the chances and events for creating an innovative and urgently required dialogue between evangelical theology and the contemporary human sciences — vital if the churches were to address seriously the current world context . Enveloped in Brunner’s appeal to nature is an idea, which can be traced back to Luther, known as â€Å"the orders of creation. †The generation Nineteenth-century German Liberal Protestantism had utilized this perspective as their basis, and further developed a theology, which permitted the German culture, including a positive assessment of the state, to become of primary signif icance theologically . Brunner had used this idea of the â€Å"point of contact† back in 1927, and it is integral to his understanding of human nature. For Brunner, human nature is constituted in such a way that there is a ready made point of contract for divine revelation. Revelation thus addresses itself to a human nature, which already has sonic Idea of what that revelation is about.For example, take the gospel demand to â€Å"repent of sin,† Brunner argues that this makes little sense, unless human beings already have some idea of what â€Å"sin† is. Karl Barth: Analysis of the Argument During the twentieth century, Karl Barth (1886—1968) initiated the so called spiritual argument or attack in the theoretical concept of natural theology. For this reason, the theologian ties between him and another leading ‘neo-orthodox theologian, Emil Brunner (1889—1966) broke due Barth’s attack on Brunner’s theological concepts .Such actio n is very much important for Barth’s perspective in that it shows the importance of natural theology’s attempt to further provide an illustration of Christianity’s attaining its peak on German civilization; hence, the sole purpose of Barth is to negate the ally status of natural theology to the concept of Nazism . Barth’s criticism is that it goes beyond any rejection of natural theology that is based on claims that it is invalid, unpersuasive, or unnecessary .From Barth’s argument, he exemplified that God has indeed revealed His identity to human beings; hence, it should be natural for humans to be convinced on God’s existence. It is already insignificant to have God’s existence justified in other forms for He already chosen to be revealed in the form of His triune son, which is Jesus Christ . A natural theology that proceeds from a different starting point must inevitably compromise and distract in relation to the primary theologica l task.Even worse, it may threaten to subvert the true nature of the faith by the introduction of foreign and ethically dangerous materials . Barth’s last consideration to reject the principles of natural education lies with the fact that such form of theology is a potential ally to compensate the needs of German ideations against Jews and other racial backgrounds. By far, the theoretical principle of Natural theology hinders the acknowledgement of Jesus Christ. From the perspective of Barth’s argument, natural theology is a human attempt to initiation subversions for human’s necessity for revelation.The theology, by its very purpose and significance, attempts to learn more about God in a manner and under conditions specified by humans’ ways and not by God Himself . In Barth’s view, the concept of natural theology is very much compromised in historical, philosophical and theological significances. The great Scottish theologian Hugh Ross Mackintosh once summarized the questions centering on revelation as follows: â€Å" religious knowledge of God, wherever existing, comes by revelation; otherwise we should be committed to the incredible position that a man can know God without Has willing to be known .† The main idea embedded in Barth’s desire to counter the theology of natural perspective is for the purpose of safeguarding the integrity present in divine revelation against human attempts to Construct their own notions of God. As for Barth’s perspective, he argues that revelations from God do not simply occur to anyone, unless God chose to. It is neither inborn nor chosen to be possessed by me, but it is God’s choice to reveal Himself to an individual. Revelation, indeed, is out of human’s power but solely rely to God’s preference.Although deeply distrustful of all apologetic instincts, Barth appears to make a minor but important concession in his discussion of natural theology. In its proclamation of God’s self-revelation, the Bible does not ignore the details of the cosmos or the physical world as these are known from empirical observation and human experience. In their own way, they attest the divine truth . However, this event does not simply occur or free for man to manipulate. It is not a separate line of enquiry that can simply alter or displace human perspectives from the original faith .On the contrary, its function in Scripture is to incorporate within a single framework all that attaches to human existence in the cosmos. The argument of Barth provides an extended and systematic criticism of natural theology. The main conflict thrown by his argument argues that such theology, â€Å"which comes to humanity from nature†, expresses the humanity’s â€Å"self-preservation and self-affirmation† in the face of God . Barth views the concept of natural theology as a safeguarding perspective to cover human being’s longing to jus tify self against God and for the provision of independent intellectualities.His conflicting idealism against this theology rests on his fundamental belief that it undermines the necessity and uniqueness of God’s self-revelation. From the logical statement introduced by Barth’s argument, if knowledge of God can be achieved independently of God’s self-revelation in Christ, then it follows that humanity can dictate the place, time and means of its knowledge of God . The perspective of Barth against natural theology institutes a close relationship between the theology itself and the subject of human independence against religion and divine supervision.Considering Barth’s familiarity in the concept of natural theology, he confirms and expresses the human desire to find God on our own terms . The central concept on Barth’s argument had been scrutinized by the religious community; hence, considering his argument against natural theology. However, other t heologians have been having this assumption of Barth’s initiating a scientific theology despite of his overcorrection of the Reformed theological position, and that an informed recovery of an older position is overdue.A scientific theology offers such reappropriation and the second of these merits dose attention . It is a simple fact of historical theology chat the Reformed theological tradition has not, on the whole, opposed natural theology. Conclusion The argument of Barth and Brunner with the subject of natural theology has been present from and long influenced the condition of catholic beliefs and perception against the occurrence of God’s existence and the value of human self-justification and intellectual identity.The natural theology mainly states that the existence of God is in the physical form of nature itself, considering its organization, beauty and man’s intelligence, which are derived from God’s imagery. However, Barth refuted this theology and stated that God’s existence is in the form of Jesus Christ. He contradicts the theology due to its self-justification, and tendency to form ally with Nazism. Bibliography Allen, D. and Springstein, E. O. Philosophy for Understanding Theology (Westminster John Knox Press, 2007) p. 19 Clements, K.Faith on the Frontier: A Life of J. H. Oldham (Continuum International Publishing Group, 1999) p. 272 Gonzales, J. L. Essential Theological Terms (Westminster John Knox Press, 2005) p. 118 Grenz, J. Theology for the Community of God (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000) p. 50 Huyssteen, W. V. and Shults, F. L. The Evolution of Rationality (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2006) p. 392 Kenny, P. and Kenny, A. . The God of the Philosophers (Oxford University Press, 1979) p. 2 Kraemer H, Religion and the Christian Faith (James Clarke & Co., 2003) p. 356 McGrath, A. E. An Introduction to Christianity (Blackwell Publishing, 1997) p. 162 McGrath, A. E. Christian Theology: An Introduction (Black well Publishing, 2006) 170 McGrath, A. E. The Science of God: An Introduction to Scientific Theology (Eerdmans Publishing, 2004) p. 84 Porter, et. al. R. The Cambridge History of Science (Cambridge University Press, 2003) p. 270 Scott, P. A Political Theology of Nature (Cambridge University Press, 2003) p. 40 Tilich, P. Systematic Theology (University of Chicago Press, 1963) p. 14 Barth vs. Brunner and Natural Theology IntroductionThe concept of natural theology pertains to the belief that natural gifts are provided from conception and installed mainly on human mind. Furthermore, it states that the revelations are provided on the general prospect of humans, and not merely on special individuals. In this theory, revelations are said to be revealed not only from the Scriptural basis or even from Jesus Christ .As for the theory’s concern, the scholastic tradition of natural theology had provided their simple explanation why the Scripture and Jesus Christ received some sort of special revelation . According to natural theologians, the rationale for the provision of such special revelation is nothing more than an unexplainable event or beyond human reason . As far as the history of theology is concerned, one of the most highlighted debates comes from Karl Barth and Emil Brunner, dating from 1914 .From the concepts and theological principles introduced by Barth and Brunner comes the great and prol onged theological debate, forthcoming from the quarters of â€Å"dialectical theology†, particularly from Barth’s radical rejection of the notions of General Revelation and Natural Religion or Natural Theology, including the â€Å"point of contact† and the rest. By far, this argument has been known as the Barth-Brunner conflict . Due to the strong influence and very much detailed argument brought by Barth, the conflict between the two theologians has greatly affected the stand point of today’s theology.This controversy has dominated the theological discussion of to-day, and has affected literally every problem . In this study, the primary discussion revolves in covering the issues brought by the debates of Barth and Brunner, and the theological concepts embedded in their proposed principles. From the point of view of the study, the first thing to discuss is the concept of natural theology in order to determine the rationale for its rejection. Next, the st udy centers on the conflicting theologian, Karl Barth and Emil Brunner.Lastly, the study provides the analysis of their argument to explore the primary stand points from both theological perspectives. Discussion The Concept of Natural Theology In general, the Reformers were less enthusiastic about natural theology, in part because they rejected much of the scholastic tradition, in part because it tended to render special revelation, and particularly Scripture, less necessary, and in part because it granted fallen human beings powers of correct reasoning that the Reformers themselves saw as corrupted by sin .According to the traditional scholastic movement, the concept of natural theology only provides its significance by illustrating human sin and their never-ending need to survive – more like an instinctive theological description – however, with little standing ground in justifying how these humanistic needs pursue . It is not the place here to enter into the histori cal, psychological and theological reasons for the development of this great controversy. The historical reason is the adamant opposition that had to be shown to Nazi ideology and the wrong and dangerous theology of the German Christians.Barth rendered here an immeasurable service to sound theology and the cause of the Church as a whole . A form of natural theology that is worth defending takes its cue from core theological interpretations of the nature of God and the world. The concept of natural theology comprises of three theoretical perspectives that are derived mainly on nature that correlates with the divinity of God. The word ‘natural’ in the expression ‘natural theology’ is meant to mark a contrast between nature and revelation.The concept of Natural theology does not imply natural in the perspective of being a non-complex and unsophisticated belief, but rather, the natural theology is the product of a fairly sophisticated state of western theism an d would have been foreign to many great religious thinkers before the Middle Ages. The concept of natural theology was realized during the era wherein theologians tried to logically obtain the answers to divine existence while at the stage of reflecting their religion.At this point of Middle Age, theologians obtain the elements that have been established already beforehand, and those that can provide unaided rationale for those parts that they believed to be unnatural. Hence, they coined and develop the natural theology, which somehow contradicts the existence of natural activities through single-handed or chose ones. As for the theory, it mainly exemplifies that everyone is chosen in their own account of being an image created after God . The concept of natural theology allied with Nazism most especially during the time of Jews massive discrimination.Significantly, the natural theology, even from the early times, pointed its fingers to chosen individuals, such as the Jews, wherein the theology contradicts the fact that these people are chose. The possibility of natural theology has been denied by some theologians and by some philosophers. The theological arguments against natural theology are mostly concerned with the relationship between reason and faith: they urge the uselessness of reason as a means to salvation and of philosophical speculation as a step on the road to heaven .One of the essential criticism that served as ground basis for the concept of natural theology is the fact that these principles are essentially from the philosophical perspectives, which in the end obtained vast arguments and criticisms against natural theology itself. In particular, the theologians of Natural perspective drew heavily on natural philosophy to show how the hand of the Creator could be discerned in the Book of Nature as well as the Book of Scriptures.By contrast, those still wedded to a more traditional order in Church and State tended to be wary of natural theology a nd the forms of natural philosophy interlinked with it as obscurities from a theology based on Divine revelation . On the other hand, the significance of Natural theology is its ability to provide an analysis of the human situation and the question of God implied in it. One side of the traditional arguments for the existence of God usually does this, in so far as they elucidate the dependent, transitory, and relational nature of finite human existence.But, in developing the other side of these arguments, natural theology tried to derive theological affirmations from the analysis of man’s finitude . The natural theology concentrates mainly on the natural imagery of men as earthly beings being linked to God’s image. As for the theory, it mentions that every human being possesses the right to obtain revelation from God for everyone is from the same image, which is God. Somehow, these two rationales are deemed as the primary arguments that render the argument of the Natura l theology.First, natural theology should not claim to operate with an account of pure, objective, ahistorical reason . For man’s reasoning cannot be considered absolutely pure from intention for man by his own nature is deprived from complete purity; hence, contradicts the statement of natural theology itself. Second, natural theology should not offer a philosophical metaphysics as a way of mediating between faith and the world . From these concepts, the argument against natural theology settles in. Different theologians, most significantly Karl Barth realizes the wrong ideations brought by the theology.From the perspective of Thomas Aquinas (1225—1274), he claimed that there are certain truths that are attainable by the powers of â€Å"reason properly applied, and others that are beyond the reach of reason, and are known only through revelation†. From Aquinas’ theology, the concept attaining revelation and reason conjoins to further discover the truth a nd absolute reasoning . The concept of nature in the doctrines of theology can be misleading and contradictory for its very meaning can be a profound statement of obscurity, which can also contribute to the eclipse of God’s imagery .As for the theory of Natural origination, it is a major concept where philosophy of religion interrelates theological aspects. Philosophies of religion scrutinizes what the sheer existence of the universe entails what it forces us to conclude, and likewise what its order entails. Protestantism is usually against the concept of natural theology for they claim that God, whose existence is demonstrated, is not the Christian God. For Protestants, God Himself should not concern in Himself in providing His existence for He in fact exist above all.Whether natural theology is to be dismissed and why is a major area of investigation in Christian theology. Roman Catholic somehow defended the concept of natural theology for they believe that there are essent ial differences between what we can know of God by means of natural theology and what we know of God by revelation. Currently, natural theology tends to act and to be used as a tool that metaphorically provides clergy and students some rigorous proof to demonstrate God’s existence .Emil Brunner In 1914, Brunner published a work entitled Nature and Grace wherein his main argument coincides mainly on the generational theology’s task of reverting back to the concept of natural theology . Brunner, being one of the main characters of natural theological concept, obtained his idea of natural theology from the concept of imago Del or in translation would mean, â€Å"Image of God†. Human nature is constituted in such a way that there is an analog with the being of God .Considering the sinful nature of human beings as installed already in their instinctive characteristic, Brunner stated that the ability of human beings to discern the presence of God is still there by the concept or reasoning that God remains in the natural environment. Within the context of human beings as sinners, still their innate nature are capable of recognizing the presence of God and are still aware of their guilt before God. All these linkage are brought by the concept of natural stand present in man from the time of his creation and image pattern.Hence, as Brunner concluded, this linkage brings forth revelation to every man with no special disposition present, such as sinner or holy, rich or poor, or any other means. Brunner significantly pointed out that God can manifest His revelation to anyone with no consideration on human characteristic since human beings are all created out of his natural image . As per Brunner’s defense on natural theology, greatly point out the significance of the doctrine of the incarnation to revelation: in Christ may be seen the personal self-disclosure of God .From Brunner’s ground basis, it is the story of creation that serves as the fore ground of this theological belief. He reasoned that there are considerably three rationales that offer support for the theory of Natural theology namely, human reason, and order of the world and beauty of the world . In the argument of Human Reason, considering that God’s existence can be found in His creation, and then it is acceptable to use the idea that God can be most likely found in the highest peak of His creation, which is human reason .The next argument Brunner introduced is the ordering of the world, wherein the prime philosopher concerned is Thomas Aquinas. Considering that the natural pattern in the environment is unquestionably and extremely organized, this phenomena been emphasized to be from God . Brunner did no go as far in denouncing the philosophical approach to God. Nevertheless, Brunner stated that the attempt to derive knowledge of God from creation, which is the theology of natural religion, is ultimately not being helpful in theological doctri ne.He even admitted that the knowledge of the Creator forms as a component of our existence. However, Brunner concluded that this knowledge component placed to human beings as God’s creation does not follow that human beings know God completely, since such philosophical intelligence does not end in communion with God . Brunner’s theology has been linked very much within an existentialist, dialectical framework and focused mainly on the uniqueness of existential, personal understanding. He even continued with basically anthropological starting point.Lastly, the concept of beauty present in the world has also been emphasized as an argumentative statement in Brunner’s ideologies. According to these theologians, the presence of beauty in surrounding world is the primary depiction of God’s existence through the nature’s beauty . Another focus entailed by Brunner in his beliefs is in faith of having personal encounter between the one who hears the Word, believer, or human being per say, and the God who speaks and draws near in grace, as distinct from an acceptance of abstract propositions of belief.Christianity thus sets forth â€Å"truth as encounter†, Brunner’s primary effect and influence thus far had come through his writings of â€Å"The Mediator and The Divine Imperative† and in Brunner Oldham perceived the chances and events for creating an innovative and urgently required dialogue between evangelical theology and the contemporary human sciences — vital if the churches were to address seriously the current world context . Enveloped in Brunner’s appeal to nature is an idea, which can be traced back to Luther, known as â€Å"the orders of creation. †The generation Nineteenth-century German Liberal Protestantism had utilized this perspective as their basis, and further developed a theology, which permitted the German culture, including a positive assessment of the state, to become of pr imary significance theologically . Brunner had used this idea of the â€Å"point of contact† back in 1927, and it is integral to his understanding of human nature. For Brunner, human nature is constituted in such a way that there is a ready made point of contract for divine revelation. Revelation thus addresses itself to a human nature, which already has sonic Idea of what that revelation is about.For example, take the gospel demand to â€Å"repent of sin,† Brunner argues that this makes little sense, unless human beings already have some idea of what â€Å"sin† is. Karl Barth: Analysis of the Argument During the twentieth century, Karl Barth (1886—1968) initiated the so called spiritual argument or attack in the theoretical concept of natural theology. For this reason, the theologian ties between him and another leading ‘neo-orthodox theologian, Emil Brunner (1889—1966) broke due Barth’s attack on Brunner’s theological concepts .Such action is very much important for Barth’s perspective in that it shows the importance of natural theology’s attempt to further provide an illustration of Christianity’s attaining its peak on German civilization; hence, the sole purpose of Barth is to negate the ally status of natural theology to the concept of Nazism . Barth’s criticism is that it goes beyond any rejection of natural theology that is based on claims that it is invalid, unpersuasive, or unnecessary .From Barth’s argument, he exemplified that God has indeed revealed His identity to human beings; hence, it should be natural for humans to be convinced on God’s existence. It is already insignificant to have God’s existence justified in other forms for He already chosen to be revealed in the form of His triune son, which is Jesus Christ . A natural theology that proceeds from a different starting point must inevitably compromise and distract in relation to the primar y theological task.Even worse, it may threaten to subvert the true nature of the faith by the introduction of foreign and ethically dangerous materials . Barth’s last consideration to reject the principles of natural education lies with the fact that such form of theology is a potential ally to compensate the needs of German ideations against Jews and other racial backgrounds. By far, the theoretical principle of Natural theology hinders the acknowledgement of Jesus Christ. From the perspective of Barth’s argument, natural theology is a human attempt to initiation subversions for human’s necessity for revelation.The theology, by its very purpose and significance, attempts to learn more about God in a manner and under conditions specified by humans’ ways and not by God Himself . In Barth’s view, the concept of natural theology is very much compromised in historical, philosophical and theological significances. The great Scottish theologian Hugh Ross Mackintosh once summarized the questions centering on revelation as follows: â€Å" religious knowledge of God, wherever existing, comes by revelation; otherwise we should be committed to the incredible position that a man can know God without Has willing to be known .†The main idea embedded in Barth’s desire to counter the theology of natural perspective is for the purpose of safeguarding the integrity present in divine revelation against human attempts to Construct their own notions of God. As for Barth’s perspective, he argues that revelations from God do not simply occur to anyone, unless God chose to. It is neither inborn nor chosen to be possessed by me, but it is God’s choice to reveal Himself to an individual. Revelation, indeed, is out of human’s power but solely rely to God’s preference.Although deeply distrustful of all apologetic instincts, Barth appears to make a minor but important concession in his discussion of natural theol ogy. In its proclamation of God’s self-revelation, the Bible does not ignore the details of the cosmos or the physical world as these are known from empirical observation and human experience. In their own way, they attest the divine truth . However, this event does not simply occur or free for man to manipulate. It is not a separate line of enquiry that can simply alter or displace human perspectives from the original faith .On the contrary, its function in Scripture is to incorporate within a single framework all that attaches to human existence in the cosmos. The argument of Barth provides an extended and systematic criticism of natural theology. The main conflict thrown by his argument argues that such theology, â€Å"which comes to humanity from nature†, expresses the humanity’s â€Å"self-preservation and self-affirmation† in the face of God . Barth views the concept of natural theology as a safeguarding perspective to cover human being’s lon ging to justify self against God and for the provision of independent intellectualities.His conflicting idealism against this theology rests on his fundamental belief that it undermines the necessity and uniqueness of God’s self-revelation. From the logical statement introduced by Barth’s argument, if knowledge of God can be achieved independently of God’s self-revelation in Christ, then it follows that humanity can dictate the place, time and means of its knowledge of God. The perspective of Barth against natural theology institutes a close relationship between the theology itself and the subject of human independence against religion and divine supervision.Considering Barth’s familiarity in the concept of natural theology, he confirms and expresses the human desire to find God on our own terms . The central concept on Barth’s argument had been scrutinized by the religious community; hence, considering his argument against natural theology. Howeve r, other theologians have been having this assumption of Barth’s initiating a scientific theology despite of his overcorrection of the Reformed theological position, and that an informed recovery of an older position is overdue.A scientific theology offers such reappropriation and the second of these merits dose attention . It is a simple fact of historical theology chat the Reformed theological tradition has not, on the whole, opposed natural theology. Conclusion The argument of Barth and Brunner with the subject of natural theology has been present from and long influenced the condition of catholic beliefs and perception against the occurrence of God’s existence and the value of human self-justification and intellectual identity.The natural theology mainly states that the existence of God is in the physical form of nature itself, considering its organization, beauty and man’s intelligence, which are derived from God’s imagery. However, Barth refuted thi s theology and stated that God’s existence is in the form of Jesus Christ. He contradicts the theology due to its self-justification, and tendency to form ally with Nazism.BibliographyAllen, D. and Springstein, E. O. Philosophy for Understanding Theology (Westminster John Knox Press, 2007) p. 19.Clements, K. Faith on the Frontier: A Life of J. H. Oldham (Continuum International Publishing Group, 1999) p. 272.Gonzales, J. L. Essential Theological Terms (Westminster John Knox Press, 2005) p. 118.Grenz, J. Theology for the Community of God (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000) p. 50.Huyssteen, W. V. and Shults, F. L. The Evolution of Rationality (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2006) p. 392.Kenny, P. and Kenny, A. . The God of the Philosophers (Oxford University Press, 1979) p. 2.Kraemer H, Religion and the Christian Faith (James Clarke & Co., 2003) p. 356.McGrath, A. E. An Introduction to Christianity (Blackwell Publishing, 1997) p. 162.McGrath, A. E. Christian Theology: An Introducti on (Blackwell Publishing, 2006) 170.McGrath, A. E. The Science of God: An Introduction to Scientific Theology (Eerdmans Publishing, 2004) p. 84.Porter, et. al. R. The Cambridge History of Science (Cambridge University Press, 2003) p. 270.Scott, P. A Political Theology of Nature (Cambridge University Press, 2003) p. 40.Tilich, P. Systematic Theology (University of Chicago Press, 1963) p. 14.

Reflection Paper Essays

Reflection Paper Essays Reflection Paper Essay Reflection Paper Essay Reflection Paper Name: Institution: Reflection Paper Introduction This topic is important because it will help me know more about my behavior. I may not always be aware of how I am behaving towards others, and this can affect my relationship with other people. My purpose for writing the paper is to have a greater awareness of myself and in so doing, know more about how this affects my relationship with other people in different capacities such as personal and professional life. By writing the paper, I will be able to know more about the positive and negative aspects of my behavior. I wish to enhance the positive attributes and improve on the shortcomings and other weaknesses of my behavior. I will start by conducting self-awareness based on the Enneagram. This will involve determining my style and knowing more about my behavior when working with other people. I will demonstrate action learning by identifying the practical steps I will take to enhance my behavior. I will conclude the paper by giving a brief summary, and by noting how the self-awaren ess exercise will affect my behavior. Self-Assessment The Enneagram identifies several styles, and I have identified two of which I can most relate. I am a number two based on the Enneagram. I like helping others and I care for them to the point of over giving. I appreciate and support other people. I am a number 7 because I tend to see possibilities where most people see none. I come up with many ideas and I am imaginative. I am playful, easily distracted, and easily bored, to the extent that I cannot do the same thing for a long time. We are often assigned different projects in class, where we have to work together in groups. In most cases, people have equal participation in the project. I always tend to have different ways of looking at the situation we are facing. I will often come up with five or more ideas of completing the project, while most people will have a single idea, or at most, two ideas. This is usually beneficial for the group because it ensures that our project is unique compared to other groups. My group likes my imagination and creative thinking. Moreover, I am always looking for the positive side of a situation, especially when we have a challenging project to complete. The fact that I am imaginative and easily distracted sometimes works against me. This is because I am not patient enough to let the members consider the feasibility of the project before coming up with a different idea. Since I am easily bored, I am not able to work on long projects. This can be frustrating to the other group members, and it has sometimes led to conflicts in the group. This often means that I am the most important person in the group when we are starting the project, but I tend to be the least favorable by the time the group is completing the project. I would like to change this behavior to ensure that I have a better relationship with the people I work with in future. Action Learning During the next 6-8 months, I will work towards ensuring that I understand and appreciate myself better. I will work towards enhancing my self-confidence, and having a firm belief and conviction in the things that I believe are true and right. I will create a situation, similar to the projects that we work in at school, and I will try to complete the project. I will identify a small business that is near the school, and I will try to formulate a plan of coming up with long term strategies, which will include identifying ways that the business can expand. This will take a lot of time, and it will require much dedication on my part. I will make sure that the project is long-term. Since I will do the project alone, I will set a period by which time I will have completed the project. This will mean working with one possible solution. By the end of the project, I hope I will have solved the problem of being easily distracted and bored when handling a task. Conclusion The purpose of the paper was to learn more about my behavior and interactions with others. I have identified the styles that suit my personality best. I have identified my areas of strengths and weaknesses. I have identified how I am able to benefit people, and the measures I can take to improve my relationships and interactions with other people. Because of this evaluation, I am now in a better position to understand people’s feelings and attitudes regarding my behavior. I will be able to rectify my behavior whenever I realize that I have become a distraction to the others. I will look for ways of ensuring that I continue contributing to the group whenever I sense boredom, especially when handling long projects.